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Religion in Antarctica
Antarctica has various places of worship and an increasing demand for religious services and construction of sacred architecture on the continent. In spite of the famous saying "below 40 degrees south there is no law; below 50 degrees south there is no God"〔Melinda Mueller: ''What the Ice Gets: Shackleton's Antarctic Expedition 1914–1916'', Van West & Co., 2000, ISBN 0-9677021-1-9〕 the exploration of the continent was in fact closely connected to religious activities with contributions from many adherents (e.g. Jesuit geophysicists). Some of the early religious buildings are now protected as important historical monuments.
== Beginnings ==
A cross on Wind Vane Hill, Cape Evans, was erected by the Ross Sea Party, led by Captain Aeneas Mackintosh, of Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917, in memory of three members of the party who died in the vicinity in 1916. The cross has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 17), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.〔
The first complete religious service in Antarctica was performed in 1947 by William Menster (1913–2007), Lieutenant Commander of the United States Navy during Operation Highjump.〔William Menster, Strong Men South, 1949 Bruce Pub. Co. Milwaukee〕 During a Christian service held in a tent set up on land, he consecrated Antarctica. Ministering to approximately 2,000 men from a variety of Christian denominations gave him experience in leading ecumenical services.
Although they are used mostly for Christian worship, the Chapel of the Snows has also been used for Buddhist and Bahai ceremonies. Some of the buildings are among historically important sites and under protection, such as the Chilean Captain Arturo Prat Base's wooden cross and a Statue of Our Lady of the Carmel.〔(HSM 35: Virgin of Carmen Statue ) in Antarctic Protected Areas Database)〕 An interesting point is the involvement of Muslims—while the Pakistan program at Jinnah Antarctic Station brought Muslims to Antarctica, there are no mosques on the continent or on any of the outlying islands. The Muslim requirements (e.g. with regard to Ramadan fasting or daily prayers) cannot be fulfilled within the Antarctic Circle.〔Compare Tim Krohn: (''Essen am helllichten Tag? Ramadan am Polarkreis'' ) auf tagesschau.de〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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